Abstract: . . .  Hypertension Cardiomyopathy 27 CHF n Left-sided Signs & Symptoms n Activity intolerance n Fatigue n Dyspnea & Cough n Pulmonary crackles n S 3 heart sound n Tachycardia n Syncope Page 10 28 CHF n Right-Sided n Caused by pulmonary hypertension and left heart failure n Right ventricular infarction can cause right- sided CHF n Right ventricular distention leads to blood accumulation in the systemic venous system Remember: Right and Rest of the body 29 CHF n Right-sided Signs & Symptoms n Abdominal organ congestion Anorexia & Nausea with GI venous congestion n Peripheral edema . . .
. . .  Bullock, B. A. & Reet, L. H. (2000). Focus on Pathophysiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott. n Corwin, E.J.(2000).Handbook of pathophysiology. Baltimore: Lippincott. n Hansen, M. (1998). Pathophysiology: Foundations of disease and clinical intervention. Philadelphia: Saunders. n Hartshorn, J. C., Sole, M. L., & Lamborn, M. L. (1997).Introduction to critical care nursing.Philadelphia: Saunders. n Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2002). Pathophysiology. St. Louis: Mosby. n http://www.heartsite.com n Illustrations in this presentation used are from HeartSite.com  . . .
. . .  vessel walls. Smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers move into the tunica intima causing stiffening Inhibits the arterys ability to change lumen size n Structural changes may be due to the normal aging process Changes in lipid, cholesterol, and phospholipids are contributing factors Page 2 4 Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation n A form of arteriosclerosis in which the hardening of the vessel walls are caused by soft deposits of intrarterial fat and fibrin that harden over time n Damaged endothelium n Fatty streak formation n Fibrous plaque develops n Complicated lesion 5 Atherosclerosis (fat scar or atheromas) n Plaque can ulcerate or rupture before occluding the vessel n  . . .
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