Abstract: . . .  Inflammation of pericardial sac layers n Trauma, viral, neoplasms,MI, flu, iatrogenic n At risk: renal failure, radiation therapy, drugs or post- surgical open heart n Pre-load is compromised d/t inflammation n S&S: n fever, severe chest pain upon deep inspiration, pericardial effusion, pericardial friction rubs; n cardiac tamponade with pulsus paradoxus : < systolic BP during inspiration 20 Myocardial Ischemia n Stable angina: chest pain d/t myocardial ischemia n Transient and generally lasts 3 to 5 minutes n Angina Pectoris Generally substernal and confused with indigestion, pain in jaw, neck, and/or shoulder; Emotional stress or physical exertion Pain is relieved with rest/nitroglycerin Lack of relief? Myocardial Infarction? n Prinzmetal angina: transient ischemia of myocardium at unpredictable moments and almost always at rest n Occurs at night during rapid eye movement sleep 21 Myocardial Ischemia n Leads to dysrhythmias, heart failure, sudden death n ECG changes: ST depression, T wave inversion , and ST segment elevation n Infarction leads to cell death & irreversible damage n  . . .
. . .  protein that triggers an autoimmune attack on myocardial cells n CMV, HIV, Hep B, coxsackievirus n TB, B-hemolytic strep, slamonella, lyme disease n fungi: candidiasis, histoplasmosis, chalmydia n S&S: n flu like symptoms; fatigue; dyspnea; chest pain, IDC (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy), cardiac death n decreases ejection fraction (15%) Page 7 19 Cardiac Inflammation n Pericarditis n Inflammation of pericardial sac layers n Trauma, viral, neoplasms,MI, flu, iatrogenic n At risk: renal failure, radiation therapy, drugs or post- surgical open heart n Pre-load is compromised d/t inflammation n S&S: n fever, severe chest pain upon deep inspiration, pericardial effusion, pericardial friction rubs; n cardiac tamponade with pulsus paradoxus : < systolic BP during inspiration 20 Myocardial Ischemia n Stable angina: chest pain d/t myocardial ischemia n Transient and generally lasts 3 to 5 minutes n Angina Pectoris Generally substernal and confused with indigestion, pain in jaw, neck, and/or shoulder; Emotional stress or physical exertion Pain is relieved . . .
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