Abstract: . . .  5 Atherosclerosis (fat scar or atheromas) n Plaque can ulcerate or rupture before occluding the vessel n Thrombosis forms and complete vessel occlusion occurs Causing tissue ischemia and infarction n Prevention can include antiplatelet meds 6 Atherosclerosis n Clinical symptoms n Due to inadequate perfusion of tissues Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) associated with stress or exercise CAD caused by atherosclerosis is cause for myocardial ischemia Obstruction of vessels leading to the brain cause CVA May elevate the total systemic vascular resistance and cause high blood pressure (hypertension) Page 3 7 Hypertension a cause of pump failure n Consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure n Average of two or more diastolic pressures made on two or more consecutive clinical visits is 90 mm Hg n Or, the average of systolic pressures made on 3 visits is greater than 140 mm Hg n Stage 1 (mild) (S) 140-159 over (D) 90-99 n Stage 2 (moderate) (S) 160-179 over (D) 100-109 n Stage 3 (severe)(S) > or equal to 180; (D) over > or equal to 110 8  . . .
. . .  Pain and tenderness; shiny skin; gangrene? n http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/10/health/10BROD.ht ml Page 6 16 Peripheral Artery Disease n Raynaud Phenomenon n Local vasospasm of the small arteries secondary to systemic diseases Scleroderma, pulmonary hypertension, malignancy n Raynaud Disease n Primary vasospastic disorder n the digit turns white, blue, red pain, numbness & cold sensation may be present 17 DVT n Deep Vein Thrombosis n Asymptomatic, however associated with risk factors Venous stasis: immobility, age, left heart failure Vessel damage: trauma, IV medications > Coagulation: pregnancy, oral contraception, some cancers, coagulation disorders n Prevention: ambulation following surgery! 18 Cardiac Inflammation n Myocarditis: forms scar tissue n inflammation & injury of myocardium without ischemia n caused by an infection with virus or bacterial protein that triggers an autoimmune attack on myocardial cells n CMV, HIV, Hep B, coxsackievirus n TB, B-hemolytic strep, slamonella, lyme disease n fungi: candidiasis, histoplasmosis, . . .
--3000,2,750,3169,16077