Abstract: . . .  Observations References Experimental studies in Italics Immunosuppressives Cyclosporine A Reduces TxCAD Low dose is a risk for TxCAD Koskinen et al., 1995 Gamba et al., 1997 Everolimus Reduces TxCAD when compared to Azathioprine Eisen et al., 2003 Mycophenolate mofetil Reduces transplant arteriosclerosis in rat aorta Risanen-Sokolowski et al., 1995 Sirolimus (Rapamycin) Reduces TxCAD Goggins et al., 1996; Poston et al., 1999; Mancini et al., 2003 Others ACE inhibitor Reduces TxCAD Paul et al., 1994 Angiotensin II R inhibitor Reduces TxCAD Furukawa et al., 1996 Calcium . . .
. . .  elastic lamina, some foam or vacuolated endothelial cells may be present; grade 2; <50% occlusion of the lumen; grade 3, >50% but <100% occlusion of lumen; and grade 4, 100% vessel occlusion of lumen. Lesions in proximal ascending aorta, the site of early arteriosclerotic lesion involvement in cholesterol-fed rabbits, were also analyzed. Histological changes were quantitated using a microscope ocular grid at 400 times magnification. The intima/media ratio was quantitated using a Macintosh NIH image software. The picture from the microscope was transferred to the screen with an Olympus video microscope with 25x magnification. The areas inside the internal elastic lamina, external elastic . . .
. . .  applied for TxCAD, continuous inflammation and especially growth factor stimulation in proinflammatory cytokine environment finally activate the normally quiescent medial SMC to migrate into the intima and to proliferate there forming a typical appearance of a diffuse concentric lesion in the vessel wall (Hyry et al., 1993). However, as stated earlier, new findings in experimental TxCAD indicate that Page 18 18 a fraction of SMC in the neointima originates from the recipients bone marrow cells (Hillebrands et al., 2003). Thus, similar mechanisms may act both in ordinary atherosclerosis and in TxCAD, where the major difference from ordinary atherosclerosis is the alloimmune . . .
. . .  PCR System 9600 apparatus; Perkin Elmer), the samples were electrophoresed through 2% agarose. The gel was dried (LKB 2003 Slab Gel Dryer, LKB, Bromma, Sweden), exposed to imaging plate (Fuji Photo Film Co., Tokyo, Japan) and the gels were quantified using a Fuji BAS1500 phosphoimager. The mean values of three determinations were used for final analysis and the normalized mRNA levels were Page 31 31 derived by dividing the mean of the mRNA of the gene of interest by the mean of GAPDH mRNA for each tissue sample. To identify the optimal PCR conditions for accurate measurement of each gene transcript, a logarithmic assay range with respect to cycle number for each primer . . .
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